Immersed in Eurospy

I've been working on a chapter about the Eurospy film since well before Christmas, and it sometimes feels like I will never finish it. I recently spoke to the Dorado Films podcast about the genre. It was them who very kindly sent me an Agent 077 boxset last year which has formed the basis of this chapter. They are American but appear to have a massive catalogue of European popular cinema. Apparently this includes at least twenty Jess Franco movies, and tons of Spaghetti Westerns and other Eurospy movies. Cool stuff, and they seem to be kicking up a gear in terms of releasing some of these gems on DVD and blu ray.

The podcast can be found here, and apparently I talked so much they are cutting it into two episodes. 

Special Mission Lady Chaplin (1966)

Seeing as how my PhD is built on my Bonditis collection, it is perhaps inevitable that the Eurospy would play such a large part in it, but it's forcing me out of my comfort zone and into areas of colonialism and imperialism that I have very little academic experience in. Which I suppose is a good thing. I just wish I could finish it! It is my aim to have this done by the end of the week, which is probably why I'm writing a blog about it instead of just writing it. I only update this when I'm putting off doing the real writing.

I'm a real convert to the Eurospy now, and was grateful for the opportunity to talk about it with someone else who is interested. I hope Dorado are able to get some of the other films in their collection out there.

In related news, I've been talking to Screenbound (who used to be Odeon Entertainment) and they are planning to release Bonditis on DVD and blu ray next year! With any luck I will be involved in creating some bonus materials, which is very exciting.

Examples of Agent 077's casual violence and misogyny. What a guy.

Dick Malloy: Agent 077

I am currently writing about Agent 077, aka Dick Malloy (Ken Clark), an American spy who spends most of his time in Europe either punching bad guys or seducing exotic women. I named this blog after the second of three Agent 077 films, having found lobby cards and this original quad for dirt cheap in a local memorabilia store. Now, thanks to Dorado Films in the U.S. I finally have the out-of-print DVD box set of all three films and am working my way through. As is to be expected, they are entertaining but not amazing. Most of the sixties eurospy films I have seen can be a bit of a slog to get through. Trying to match the thrills and romance of Bond on a quarter of the budget was always going to show on screen, and they often come across as travelogues with the occasional pedestrian car chase and raven-haired beauty wrapped in a towel.

Despite their shortcomings I personally find the whole genre fascinating, and I now have to justify this by writing a chapter of my thesis on them. Ideally I need to turn in the first draft of this, a mere 10,000 words, some time next week.

So, the Agent 077 films are:

Mission Bloody Mary (1965)

From the Orient With Fury (1965, originally titled Fury on the Bosphorus)

Special Mission Lady Chaplin (1967)

All three were directed by Sergio Grieco, under the name Terence Hathaway (a common practice at the time, in order to fool Italian audiences that the film they were watching was American) who clearly had a good relationship with Ken Clark. He made two other eurospy films with him, Tiffany Memorandum (1967) and The Fuller Report (1968). Neither of which are on DVD but are available on YouTube, thanks again to Dorado Films who own videotape versions of these films. They are not good enough quality to release on DVD but they are watchable. I intend to watch all five, as although my focus is specifically on Agent 077, I feel that the other two are relevant to the set. Hopefully they will not be too disappointing.

The eurospy film was massively popular in the 1960s with the majority coming out of Italy, and yet it is very underserved when it comes to legitimate DVD releases. There are probably hundreds that are currently commercially unavailable. This is probably because there is not a lot of mainstream interest in them, which is a pity. Like all popular genres, they tell us a lot about national identity and the times in which they were produced. The costumes, haircuts, cars, etc. are often a far more authentic depiction of their era than the big-budgeted Bond films, which have for the most part achieved a kind of timeless quality.

I have written a large article for a future issue of Cinema Retro on another eurospy film, Bonditis (1968), a one-off spy spoof from Switzerland, which I have probably mentioned on here before. I will also be writing about that for this PhD chapter, depending on how close I get to 10,000 with Agent 077.

I often get asked why I spend so much time with films that no one else (i.e. in the mainstream) has ever seen or heard of. Even I have to admit that watching obscure cinema is something of a crapshoot, but for every five bad or boring films (I saw Sharknado 3 last week, and that was terrible), you find a gem. Maybe. 

Blood Baths and Bloody Brides

The conference in Lincoln went really well. It was good to present some new research, but even better to meet other academics in the same field. One particular stroke of luck was meeting Emma Petts who presented on some research she has been doing into British cinema audiences. This is exactly the kind of research I have been looking for, and hopefully when her own project is finished I may be able to use some of it.

However, another week, another conference. This week I have been writing about the UK reception and marketing of the giallo, ready to fly off to Rome in a few days. I'm very excited to be going to my first overseas conference.

The organisation behind this conference looks amazing. There will be 35mm film screenings, plenty of directors and cast members available for panels, plus two full days of papers being presented by far more knowledgable people than myself. I'm hoping my relative lack of experience in the giallo does not become too noticeable. I'm not writing about the genre or its most famous stars as such, so I ought to get away with it. I'm on the much safer territory of discussing who was distributing these films in the UK and what happened with the BBFC. I'm a little worried that I'm becoming a one-trick pony with all this distribution and censorship stuff. I will probably take a year off conferences after this, so next time I will be have some different (to a point) stuff to present.

This was the first UK release of Mario Bava's Bay of Blood in 1980, eleven years after it was first released in Italy. It is one of the examples I will be discussing in this paper. It was distributed by my old friends New Realm.

Dario Argento's seminal The Bird With the Crystal Plumage on the other hand got away with no BBFC-imposed cuts at all in 1970, but did suffer from this somewhat lacklustre new title.


I will no doubt come back from Rome with an even bigger enthusiasm for all things Italian. Before I first started my PhD back in 2012 I knew or cared very little for Italian horror, and even less for the giallo. It was all about Hammer and Roger Corman as far as I was concerned. Regular meetings with Dr. Leon Hunt changed all that for me, as I began to realise just how significant the Italian film industry was when considering the presence of international film in British cinemas. Even though I am no longer at Brunel University, I am continuing to expand my Italian film experience, enjoying giallos, gothic horrors and Eurospy thrillers. I finally appreciate the great work of Mario Bava, Antonio Marghereti, Lucio Fulci and Dario Argento, and I'm even listening to Goblin.

From the Orient With Fury UK Quad!

I took the title of this blog, and my PhD itself, from a 1960s Eurospy film released in the UK by Compton. It was one of the Agent 077 films. These were Italian/ French/ Spanish co-productions. 

Whilst I have yet to find a copy of this film itself, last weekend I found the quad poster. It was in the same shop I bought the lobby cards almost two years ago, in a box of posters I had never seen before. It has been folded, probably for most of the last fifty years, but it is still in remarkably good condition. The artwork is crude, and Ken Clark is all out of proportion and looks like he is in a western, but I am still happy to have found it. This will take a prominent place in the visual elements of my study. 

Agent 077's name was Dick Malloy, and he was played by the American actor Ken Clark, who despite some success at home spent the majority of his career working in Italian films.

According to the Kiss Kiss Kill Kill archive there were three Agent 077 films, and some of the posters advertised that fact. It is interesting that Compton chose not to use that in their materials, perhaps trying to play down the Bond connection for suspicious British audiences. 

Argentinian poster for From the Orient With Fury (1965)

Italian poster for Mission Bloody Mary (1965)

Italian poster for Operation Lady Chaplin (1966)

Witches, Masked Heroes and Super Spies

Recently I've been trying to watch films that are from the area I've been studying. I'm convinced that a lot of the movies I have unearthed are lost, but it is surprising what is out there.

The Demon, or Demonia, or even Il Demonio, from 1963, is a bizarre film that I managed to find on YouTube. The version I found had English subtitles, but it looks like that one is gone now. You can still take a look at it here. It's the tale of a girl who might be a witch, or simply mentally ill. Lavi's performance is incredible.

Another strange, disturbing film is Young Aphrodites, also from 1963. I found information on this whilst researching Gala Film Distributors at The Cinema Museum. I've watched a bit of it, but the whole thing is available, again without subtitles, on YouTube.

What is striking about this film is its reputation as an erotic classic. The press book screams erotic and art house credentials, despite the film essentially being about the sexual awakening of a ten year old boy and a twelve year old girl. In some ways it's like an early The Blue Lagoon (1980), only even more disturbing, particularly when you read that the leads were not professional actors.

On a more fun track, this has been a good excuse to check out some Eurospy films. Our Man in Jamaica (1965) is a Spanish/ Italian/ West German co-production, with input from Mel Welles, of Roger Corman-fame. It has all the Bond elements: pretty girls, an overblown villain, a confident-to-the-point-of-arrogance hero and exotic locations. However the story is actually fairly pedestrian, and it has none of the visual flair that the Bond films are known for.

Recently I picked up on DVD a couple of ultra-rare and obscure European comic-book movies. The first, Superargo contro Diabolikus, or Superargo Against Diabolikus (1966) is like a cross between a Mexican wrestler film and James Bond. It was clearly made in the mould of the Italian comic book heroes, who would soon achieve international acclaim in Mario Bava's Danger: Diabolik! It really is a lot of fun.

 The other film I found was Batwoman, or The Bat Woman (1968), which was being sold as Spanish, but may actually be Mexican. Either way, it looks pretty nuts. I'll let you know.

Literature Review

I thought it may be of interest to someone out there if I posted my bibliography on here. This is not meant to be the definitive word on the topic under investigation, but I hope it's fairly thorough.


Bibliography

Barker, M. and Brooks, K. 1998, Knowing Audiences: Judge Dredd: Its Fans, Friends and Foes, Luton, University of Luton Press

Bayman, L. and Rigoletto, S. eds. 2013, Popular Italian Cinema, 2013, Chippenham, Palgrave Macmillan

Benzel, T. 2012, Muchas Gracias Seňor Lobo: Paul Naschy Memorabilia, Birkenfeld, Kessler & Benzel GbR

Bergfelder, T. 2005, International Adventures: German Popular Cinema and European Co-Productions in the 1960s, Oxford, Berghan Books

Branaghan, S. edited by Chibnall, S. 2006, British Film Posters: An Illustrated History, Cambridge, BFI/ Cambridge University Press

Chapman, J., Glancy, M. and Harper, S. 2007, The New Film History: Sources, Methods, Approaches, 2007, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan

Chibnall, S. and McFarlane, B. 2009, The British 'B' Film, Camberley, BFI/ Palgrave Macmillan

Chibnall, S. 2013, 'Rome, Open for British Production: The Lost World of 'Britalian' films, 1946-1954', Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 33:2, 234-269

Creepy Images [journal] available through: www.creepy-images.com 

Davies, R. R. 2011, Kiss Kiss Kill Kill: The Graphic Art and Forgotten Spy Films of Cold War Europe, St Albans, Picture and Sound Ltd

Devraj, R. Duncan, P. ed. 2010, The Art of Bollywood, Hong Kong, Taschen

Dougall, A. consultant ed. Gassner, D. 2012, James Bond: 50 Years of Movie Posters, London, Dorling Kindersley

Dyer, G. 1982, Advertising as Communication, London, Routledge

Eley, G. 2005, A Crooked Line: From Cultural History to The History of Society, London, The University of Michigan Press

Garret S. Balazs, A. ed. 1996, Hollywood Handbook, New York, Universe Publishing

Grant, K. 2011, Any Gun Can Play: The Essential Guide to Euro-Westerns, Godalming, FAB Press

Hall, S. and Neale, S. 2010, Epics, Spectacles and Blockbusters: A Hollywood History, Michigan, Wayne State University Press

Hamilton, J. 2005, Beasts in the Cellar: The Exploitation Film Career of Tony Tenser, Godalming, FAB Press

Hanson, S. 2007, From Silent Screen to Multi-Screen: A History of Cinema Exhibition in Britain Since 1896, Manchester, Manchester University Press

Hantke, S. ed. 2004, Horror Film: Creating and Marketing Fear, Mississippi, University Press of Mississippi

Hawkins, J. 2000, Cutting Edge: Art Horror and the Avante-garde, Minnesota, The University of Minnesota Press

Hearn, M. 2010, The Art of Hammer, China, Titan Books

Hughes, H. 2004, Once Upon a Time in the Italian West, Padstow, I.B. Taurus

Hunter, I. Q. 2013, British Trash Cinema, Basingstoke, BFI/ Palgrave Macmillan

Jackson, N. 2012, 'Stained With the Blood of the Marketing Department', paper given at Cine Excess, London

Lamberti, E. ed. 2012, Behind the Scenes at the BBFC: Film Classification from the Silver Screen to the Digital Age, London, BFI/ Palgrave Macmillan

Murphy, R. ed. 1997, The British Cinema Book, 1st edition, London, BFI

Nava, M. 2007, Visceral Cosmopolitanism: Gender Culture and the Normalisation of Difference, 1st edition, London, Bloomsbury/ Berg Publishers

Nowell-Smith, G. and Ricci, S. eds. 1998, Hollywood and Europe: Economics, Culture and National Identity 1945-95 , London, BFI

Sarowitz, Sam, 2008, Translating Hollywood: The World of Movie Posters, New York, Mark Batty Publisher

Schaefer, E. 1999, "Bold! Daring! Shocking! True!" A History of Exploitation Films, 1919-1959, Durham, Duke University Press

Shipka, D. 2011, Perverse Titillation: The Exploitation Cinema of Italy, Spain and France, 1960-1980, North Carolina, McFarland

Smith, A. 2012, 'Cowboys and Cannibals: an interview with Ruggero Deodato', Diabolique, Issue no. 8, Jan/ Feb 2012

Spicer, A. and McKenna, A.T. 2013, The Man Who Got Carter: Michael Klinger, Independent Production and the British Film Industry, 1960-1980, London, IB Taurus

Trevelyan, J. 1973, What the Censor Saw, Slough, Michael Joseph Ltd

Waller, G. A. 2002, Moviegoing in America, Oxford, Blackwell Publishers

The ongoing saga of the literature review

I have to get this finished by tomorrow. I'm already overdue, and it has to be done so I can have a viva. I'm drowning in books and words and none of it makes sense any more. I've become slightly more knowledgeable in the process, but it's killing me. I love reading, but the writing, not so much. This is not an attitude that is conducive to academia, but there you are.

I've particularly enjoyed becoming more acquainted with the Eurospy film, partly thanks to the Kiss Kiss Kill Kill archive.

Anyway, I've still got a few hundred words to go and I'm about to slam my head repeatedly against the desk. I'll be back when I'm done.